Causes Of The French Revolution - 1119 Words

The French Revolution The French Revolution of 1789 was one of the biggest upheavals in history. You may be wondering what exactly led this to happen, but there were multiple long range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions ultimately led to the discontent of many French people especially those of the third estate. The ideals of the Enlightenment brought new views to government and society. Before the revolution, the majority of France were living in poverty. Peasants were entirely at the mercy of their class, because they had nothing else. As Jean Jaurà ¨s stated in 1901, there was not one action in rural life that did not require the peasants to pay a ransom. He recognizes that because the king is forcing them to pay higher†¦show more content†¦The Estates-General held their meeting at Versailles on May 5, 1789 (â€Å"The Beginning of the French Revolution, 1789†). Calling a meeting of the Estates-General was the king’s last resort to fix the major money crisis. The other two social classes had no idea what the third estate was going to do. The third estate (the lower class) met alone and was named the National Assembly; they kept meeting and starting gaining a lot of new people (â€Å"French Revolution†). This led to people getting paranoid about what they were meeting about, which ultimately led to people storming the Bastille. They stormed the Bastille on July 14, in order to get gunpowder and weapons (â€Å"French Revolution†). According to Vikram Rana, the economic instability formed one of the most important causes of the French Revolution. The last main cause of the French Revolution was the social condition. The social classes were divided into three groups- the Clergy, Nobles, and Common People (Rana). The big Clergy category had two different groups; the higher clergy, and the lower clergy (Rana). The higher clergy managed the top buildings, and never had to pay taxes. They had it a lot better than the lower clergy, the higher clergy only lived in mansions and anywhere luxurious. The lower clergy didn’t get any of that, which means their life wasn’t so great. The nobility was a lot like the higher clergy, because they alsoShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The French Revolution896 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, the French Revolution went from women marching to Versailles and demanding bread, to the institution of the Reign of Terror, which killed close to 250,000 people. The late 18th century was a dramatic time of French, political transformation which originally strived to implement equality throughout the nat ion. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen reflected the ideas of the Enlightenment and presented the idea of equality and liberty. In theory, the French Revolution of 1789Read MoreCauses Of The French Revolution906 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution began with a corrupt monarch, and ended with the death of thousands. In 1789 the bourgeoisie (middle class) and peasants revolted against King Louis XVI and nobility, citing various reasons as cause: including corruption and a poor economy. These people, making up 97% of the population, were known as the third estate. The original purpose of the revolution was to create a constitutional monarchy, but this idea quickly became lost in the radical ideas of the revolution. HoweverRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution911 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution was a major turning point in all of European history. The old regime was destroyed and a new order came to be. We will talk about the causes of the re volution, when it ended, and if it was violent, Napoleon, what happened after his defeat, and some other leaders, and movies I have seen about the Revolution and how they were correct, plus other things I want to learn. The immediate cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the near collapse of the French budget. On theRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution750 Words   |  3 PagesA revolution is a drastic change in the way something is done, such as a government or an economy. One such revolution took place in France where the government was changed several times, many different people obtained power, and traditional ideas were questioned. The French Revolution had many social, political, and economic factors that caused it, and it was very impactful on the people of France, and on the areas outside of it. There were many causes of the French Revolution; some were politicalRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution991 Words   |  4 PagesFor six of the eight causes of revolution, describe two events, actions or beliefs (evidence) during the years before the French Revolution that led to a developing revolutionary situation. Explain how each contributed to the revolutionary situation. Frances failed attempts at economic reform contributed heavily to the developing revolutionary situation. In August 1787, when the parlements refused to implement the Kings proposed changes to the financial system, it became clear that the Kings authorityRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe French Revolution was not caused by one single phenomenon, however it can be said that the events occurring in accordance with the French Revolution were not only terrifying but when looking through our eyes just clearly wrong. The most significant reasons for the French Revolution are the imbalance of equality, power, and rights these reasons are supported by the ideas of liberty and fraternity which developed from the enlightenment era philosophers. In conclusion to the French Revolution theRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution1273 Words   |  6 PagesDuring 1789, the French Revolution broke out against totalitarian rule and extreme poverty suffered by French civilians. France was under the absolute control of Louis XVI who gathered groups of nobles, clergy, and other royal families in certain cities. The corrupt French royal families in those cities were squandering nearly 75% of France’s wealth and in addition to the expense of royal classes, other wealthy classes such as landlords, local government, and churches were not taxed which made taxesRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution was arguably one of the most significant and controversial events in European history. It occurred during the years 1789-1799 when many French citizens became enraged with society and demanded political, financial and social change. The French people’s primary goal was to put an end to monarchy and bring reform to many aspects of French life. Inspired and motivated by the famous American Revolution, French citizens were urged to take action in orderRead MoreFrench Revolution Causes1139 Words   |  5 Pages The French Revolution was not an event that happened overnight but rather a series of events that occurred over several years leading up to the overthrow of the monarchy and the implementation of a new government. The Primary cause for the fall of the Ancien regime was its financial instability and inability to improve upon the lives of the French people. The 4 key flaws or events leading to the fall of the regime was; the structure of royal government, the taxation system, the structure of frenchRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution3450 Words   |  14 PagesTHE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1799) The French Revolution was a watershed event that changed Europe irrevocably and ended a century of slowly increasing opposition to absolutism and the supremacy of a decadent aristocracy. The causes of the French Revolution are difficult to pin down. Therefore, we will divide them into long-term and immediate causes. Within long-term causes, we will also define intellectual, political and economic causes. Long-Term Intellectual Causes Before a movement can reach

The Association Between Moral Foundation and Political...

The association between moral foundation and political orientation in Australia: Do the American studies carry over to an Australian Population? HAYDEN TIPPING -100594202 Swinburne University of Technology Psych 101-Assesment 1 Due Date: 31st August 2015 Tutorial: Thursday 4.30-5.30 Introduction Political preferences seem an obvious topic of research, as the findings of such research are highly sought after. As such any research relating to what motivates political orientation would be very useful. For this reason a great deal of research into the relationship between moral foundation and political orientation has been done in recent years. For this study political orientation is measured using a 7-point scale from liberal to†¦show more content†¦Whereas a strongly conservatives averaged neutral on Ingroup / loyalty statements, while agreeing with fairness / Reciprocity, Harm / Care and Purity / Sanctity and strongly agreeing with Authority / Respect(Graham, Haidt and Nosek 2009). In an earlier paper Haidt and Graham(2007) found that for extreme liberals, Harm / Care and Fairness / Reciprocity where almost always relivent, however those who are extremely conservative find that they value all five more equally when making moral choice. This correlates almost perfectly with the earlier paper from Graham, Haidt and Nosek(2009), showing that the findings seem highly reliable. Haidt and Graham(2007) go on to say that the recognition of the final three moral foundations(Ingroup / Loyalty, Authority / Respect and Purity / Sanctity) is key to allowing more fair and even discussions between the two political standpoint s. Furthering on this Tyran (2004) found that when a person is presented with a voting option in a referendum where the result would be of financial cost to themselves, but would be morally right, specifically relevant to the Harm / Care and Fairness / Reciprocity foundations, voters tended to vote for the morally right option. This demonstrates that the connection between moralShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Unions in South Africa19306 Words   |  78 Pages5.1.11 Level of commitment and participation in striking as well as partaking in the unions‟ daily duties 5.1.12 The future of trade unionism and collectivism in South Africa upon participants 54 53 52 47 49 45 6. Chapter 6 6.1 Limitations of the study 6.2 Conclusion and recommendations 56 56 56 7. References 58 A decline in collectivism, unionisation and union influence? 4 Abstract Amid the immense changes in the 21st century world of work, has come with it widely held views that significantRead MoreA Jerney in to the Deaf World15812 Words   |  64 Pageshappened to him. This sums up the whole chapter. 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Despite a fall in actual numbers, the proportion of children in England attending private schools has risen to over 7%.[193] Just over half of students at the leading universities of Cambridge and Oxford had attended state schools.[194] State schools which are allowed to select pupils according to intelligence and academic ability can achieve comparable results to the mostRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesDavid M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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Sid understood what the government official wanted and relayed the request to Glenna, who told him that granting a favor of this kind would normally be against policy, but because such favors seemed to be the custom in Japan, they could do some â€Å"creative bookkeeping.† â€Å"When in Rome, right, Sid?† was Glenna’s response to the whole situation. By pulling some strings, Glenna managed to have these officials play at ten of the most exclusive U.S. golf courses. 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Recommendations from the Salzburg Global Seminar on making health care better in low- and middle-income economies. Int J Qual Health Care 24(6): 558- 563. Appendix (Full Text of all 10 Articles) Rushby, NRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18

Australian Security and Investment Commission - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Securities and Investments Commission. Answer: Introduction The case of Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Mariner Corporation Limited [2015] FCA 589 is in relation to the breach of directors duties. The proceeding is related to the legality of the defendants conduct of making a takeover bid. The proceeding is not only in relation to the company but also three of its directors namely Mr Darren Olney-Fraser, Mr Donald Christie and Mr Matthew Fletcher. The action has been brought with respect to the breach of Section 631 (2)(b), 1041H and 180(1) of the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) (CA). Declarations have been sought by the ASIC against all the defendants in the case and specifically disqualification from management and pecuniary penalties against the individual directors. The trial was only in relation to the liabilities of the parties and issues in relation to penalties and relief were to be heard latter[1]. In this case it has been alleged by the ASIC that the defendant company violated the provisions provided by section 631 (2) (b) of the CA. The allegation was based on the fact that the company publicly proposed a takeover bid for Austock, recklessly without informing itself that whether it has the capability of performing its obligations and relation to the takeover bid at 10.5 cents for each share in case considerable proportion all the offers with respect to the bid are accepted. It has been provided by the ASIC that the organisation did not have financial resources on 25th June 2012 to fund the bid and in addition had not received relevant assurance from any third party as well as it did not have any agreement with any third party in relation to provisions of the required funding. Section 1041H of the CA was allegedly violated by the organisation as the announcement made by the company resulted in a misleading and deceptive conduct or a conduct which is likely to deceive and mislead as there was no permission of making a takeover bid shares in Austock for less than 11 cent every share. The ASIC had also put its reliance on the provisions of section 621 of the CA[2]. In addition it was stated by the ASIC that the organisation tried to mislead the market in relation to its ability of funding the bed at a lesser price or at a price which was required[3]. It has been denied by the defendants of the case that the organization have violated the provisions set out through section 631(2)(b) along with section 1041H of the CA. in addition it has been argued by the directors that the allegations which have been made by the ASIC in relation to the breach of section 180 of the CA are baseless. It has been submitted by each of the directors that their actions were not in the violation of their duties irrespective of whether the company itself indulged in the non-complying conduct. It has been asserted by the ASIC that section 180 of the CA has been violated by the directors whether or not they have breached the provisions provided in section 1041H of the CA[4]. Duties breached by the directors of Mariner Corporation Limited as alleged by the ASIC It has been allegedly stated by the ASIC that all three directors of Mariner Corporation Limited have not complied with their duty stated in section 180(1) of the CA. the duty requires the directors to carry out their operations towards the company with diligence and care. Such care and diligence is evaluated and analysed when by putting a reasonable person in the same position and situation which the actual directors hold. If the reasonable person would have indulged in making the same decision the duty stands complied by the directors[5]. It has been alleged by the ASIC that section 180 of the CA has been violated by the directors and they have not acted diligently and carefully towards their functions which a reasonable director would have done by making the company: Contravene the provisions of s 631(2)(b) by making a public proposal Contravene the provisions of s 1041H by making an announcement to the ASX Contravened s 621 (3) by stating that they would make a bid which cannot be made lawfully (Stating to make the bid at 10.5 cents where they could not do so below 11 cents legally.) Not take into consideration regulatory constraints on the capacity of the organization of acquiring more than various share percentage in Austock Critical analysis of the decision provided by the court in this case In the given case it has been stated by the court that ASIC have failed to establish their claim against the directors of the company or the company itself. Therefore the court accordingly dismissed the case made by the ASIC[6]. The following view had been reached by the court in this case The test in relation to the term Reckless us a subjective test under the provisions of s 631 (2)(b). Through the application of the test in the situation the company is not reckless. Alternatively, in case the test of analysing whether a company or individual is reckless or not is objective even than the company is not reckless The company did not indulge in any conduct which contravened the provisions provided in s 1041H of the CA in relation to funding or price representation Alternatively, in case the organization did indulge in a misleading or deceptive conduct in relation to the representation of price, it would not be entitled to any relief on any reasonable ground. The directors of the company did not indulge in any action which violated the provisions of section 180(1) irrespective of whether they violated s 1041H or 631(2)(b) Alternatively in case section 180 has been violated by Mr Olney-Fraser, it cannot be held that Mr Fletcher or Mr Christiehave done the same as they relied upon the information given to them by Mr Olney-Fraseralong with their right to invoke section 189 of the CA[7]. The court in relation the issue considered the provisions provided in s 180(2) of the CA which discusses to business judgement rule to come to a conclusion that the directors of Mariners have not violated section 180(1) of the CA. According to the section the primary requirement is that there as to be a Business Judgement. Thus means an act of making a decision in relation to the business operations of the organization[8]. Here, the business judgement made by the directors was to make a takeover bid for Austock. It can therefore be stated that the characterization of the business judgement rule by the ASIC was not in compliance to the provisions of the Act. The reliance of ASIC on the case of ASIC v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd[9] is also a misconceived analysis of the decision taken by the directors. In addition the directors consciously used their business judgements to support the bid. Evidence has also been provided by the directors that in the given situation funding for the bid would have even been provided by a dover dog. The evidence is viewed in the light of the relevant and substantial evidence of the directors in such deals. Another requirement for the business judgement rule is that the bid is made in good faith towards a proper purpose. The requirement can also be said to have been satisfied. It was decided by the directors to make the bid and the announcement related to it in relation to the chances of the company of making significant profit along with the belief that the decision of making the bid and the announcement is in the best interest of the company. In relation to the third requirement the person making the decision must not have any personal interest in the subject matter of the decision. This requirement is also satisfied as there was no personal interest which the directors had in relation to the bid and announcement[10]. One more requirement in relation to the defence under the business judgement rule is that the directors have the duty of informing themselves in relation to the subject matter of the decision to the degree that they believed that it is appropriate and correct. In the case of ASIC v Rich[11] it has been stated by the judge that whether the decision was an informed decision or not is analysed by looking into factors such as importance of the decision, time in had to get information, cost of getting information, confidence of the directors, nature of the affairs of the company and availability of material information. The through considering these factors the judges in the present case held that the decision was informed. Moreover in relation to to an extent they reasonably believed to be appropriate The ASIC cited the case of Peoples Department Store Inc v Wise[12] where it was ruled that reasonably believed does not included what the directors actually know but what they are supposed to be knowing. However the court reject such submission by stating that such a ruling distorts the statutory language as it would deny the directors any protection unless they are able to show compliance of diligence and care in relation to other issues. The court in this case considered that the directors relied on the fact that they have been provided adequate information for making an informed decision by conducting various discussions and meetings and their knowledge about the level of interest in Austock[13]. The final requirement in relation to section 180(2) is that the decision has to be in the best interest of the company. The requirement is said to be satisfied when the defendants believed that the act was in best interest of the company and is supported by reasoning process which is adequate to describe it is being reasonably correct, irrespective of whether it is objectively convincing. The court held that the directors had this belief and it is not a kind of belief which would not be held by any reasonable person[14]. In addition it had been stated by Justice breach that it would be wrong to assert that causing the organization to breach a provision of the act would automatically lead to the violation of section 180 to the contrary of what has been stated in ASICvCassimatis[15] Future relevance of the case reasonably believed does not included what the directors actually know but what they are supposed to be knowing is not correct rather having adequate information to make the decision would satisfy this element of section 180 (2) It is now wrong to assert that causing the organization to breach a provision of the Corporation Act would automatically lead to the violation of section 180(1) The decision would give the directors who rely of their experience and skills power of taking calculated risks in relation to the organization Bibliography ASIC v Rich (2009) 236 FLR 1 ASICvCassimatis(No 8) [2016] FCA 10234 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Mariner Corporation Limited [2015] FCA 589 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Fortescue Metals Group Ltd vAustralian Securities and Investments Commission - [2012] HCA 39 Peoples Department Store Inc v Wise [2004] 3 SCR 461 at [67] [1] [2015] FCA 589 at 1 [2] [2015] FCA 589 at 2 (a) [3] [2015] FCA 589 at 2 (b) [4] [2015] FCA 589 at 2 (b) [5] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) at Section 180(1) [6] [2015] FCA 589 at 4 [7] [2015] FCA 589 at 5 [8] Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) at section 180(2) [9] [2012] HCA 39 [10] [2015] FCA 589 at 500 [11] (2009) 236 FLR 1 [12] [2004] 3 SCR 461 at [67] [13] [2015] FCA 589 at 472 [14] [2015] FCA 589 at 489 [15] (No 8) [2016] FCA 1023

TELEMAKOS IN THE ILIAD BY HOMMER Essay Example For Students

TELEMAKOS IN THE ILIAD BY HOMMER Essay A Homeric man can be defined as someone who journeys to different lands and is also skilled in battle and council. We have read the previous books in which Athena aids Telemakhos with his first step towards maturity. Book 18 offers us another view of his transformation from a boy to a man. Telemakhos conversations with the suitors and Penelope reveal his acknowledgement of his present situation and new responsibilities. The following will examine the ways in which Telemakhos actions and speech convey his growing into a man. When Athena enters the hall in Book 1 we are told that: Telemakhos was sitting there unhappy among the suitors, a boy, daydreaming(I.144-145) 1. This paints an image of a boy, who is incapable of controlling the suitors disrespect of his oikos. Since he was raised by his mother and lacked the guidance of a father, Telemakhos was forced to watch the suitors consume his cattle and wine, he has never known this Homeric man-hood, yet. We will write a custom essay on TELEMAKOS IN THE ILIAD BY HOMMER specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Book 18 this is not the case. Telemakhos, having traveled to the homes of Nestor and Menalaus, befriending a comrade and meeting his father has been exposed to the proper way in which a house hold is run. There is always one man in charge and that man sees to it that certain practices are maintained, such as xenia. This guest host relationship has been ignored in Odysseus halls. The suitors (the guests) have taken it upon themselves to play host as well. We see Telemakhos attempt to regain control in the following line: You have my word as host; (18.76). 2 These strong words follow Telemakhos promise to give the beggar a one on one fight with no worries about a suitor jumping in. In this instance he is letting the suitors know he is no longer that day dreaming boy (1.145) .3 As Odysseus accomplice, he has begun to command the suitors cooperation in carrying out his will. In his house the guests must obey his rules. Telemakhos speaks to Penelope about how he was young and blind (18.286) .4 He goes on to say that he knows the meaning of the suitors actions, both good and bad (18.285ff). 5 The insight he has gained from visiting with functioning communities is evident in these lines. Before Telemakhos left his motherland all he knew was the conduct that the suitors surrounded him with. This being so, he still sensed, that it was in fact vulgar behavior. We are told in Book 1 that when Mentes comes to the hall Telemakhos has a table set up away from the suitors so they wouldnt spoil Mentes appetite (163ff). 6 As a boy Telemakhos lacked the resources to correct the mayhem in his house so he remained a prisoner in his own home. He now knows that his house lacked a man willing to defend his oikos, and has accepted the challenge to do so. The suitors reckless behavior is no longer going to be tolerated. No longer young and blind, experience and Odysseus presence, have given Telemakhos the guile to establish his status as prince and killer. He will follow in Odysseus heroic path to man-hood and help to bring bloody death to the suitors eyes. Eurynome, a housekeeper, also points out Telemakhos physical maturity. She tells Penelope, already your son is of the age that you have most prayed to the gods to see him at, growing a beard (18.176-177). 7 Book 18 supplies the reader with hints of Telemakhos growing. His actions, speech, and looks are that of a Homeric man, on his way to gain the warrior status. Bibliography:

John F. Kennedy - Press Statement on John Glenns Successful Mercury 6 Mission free essay sample

misconduct in medicine essays

misconduct in medicine essays 1. Definition of the ethics problem: What are the ethical implications of sexual or romantic relationships between physicians and patients and how should sexual misconduct be prevented and doctors disciplined? 2. Provide significant facts/uncertainties that are relevant to the question: Sexual contact between physician and patient can occur in numerous ways. Physicians may use the patients state of being as a way to engage in sexual activity or they may suggest or represent sexual contact to a patient as part of care or treatment for the patient. When a person seeks medical care, many times he or she is physically and emotionally vulnerable to the doctor. Therefore, it must be noted that several states specify that consent of the patient cannot be used as a defense to charges of sexual misconduct. Sexual contact with patients seems to occur most when there is great disparity between the social status and emotional vulnerability between physician and patient. This is why most reported cases of sexual misconduct involve patients who are younger and female, and doctors who are older and male. The patients in these cases trust that the doctor is acting in the best interest of them and even when sexual misconduct takes place, they are hesitant to report the doctors or even to try to stop the doctors themselves. The victims then experience distrust of their own judgment, experience guilt, and become skeptical of physicians. Most medical training programs and education do not cover the issue of sexual misconduct and how to deal with sexual or romantic attraction to patients. It would seem that it would be very beneficial to doctors to receive some sort of education with regards to dealing with the temptations and seeking appropriate help. Also, since many times it is actually the patient that is initially attracted to the doctor, it would be very helpful for the doctors to learn ways to deal with that so ...

Network Security and Different Ways to Secure Networks Essay

Network Security and Different Ways to Secure Networks - Essay Example The researcher states that assigning a password and an ID to a network is often called one-factor authentication while the two-factor authentication has often been identified when the account or network is secured by a security-token for e.g. an ATM Card or a mobile phone; and the three-factor authentication is distinguished by the use of the security measures such as a fingerprint or a retinal scan (de Jong et al, nd). It can be further secured by a firewall so that it could only be available to specific users of that network. Most of these utilities are being used by banks, armed forces, and, intelligence agencies etc. The Need for Network Security In practice, network security is an important part of many networks at homes, at public places, at colleges and universities and at various offices such as banks, stock exchanges, all kinds of multinational firms and other businesses, law enforcement agencies and even the Government offices and departments where important information is stored. The level of security needed and indeed, in use, varies from network to network and it depends on things such as the sensitivity of the data, the structure of the network, the size of the network and the threats to the network. A home user, for example, may not need to employ the same in-depth means of securing the network as, for example, a large multinational bank would. The reason for that is that there’s less sensitive data on a home network, there are fewer threats and there is not much at risk compared to the network of a bank. Now let’s take a look at the history of network security. The need for network security has been around since the time computers have existed, although this need was further emphasized after one of the most famous computer hackers of the world, Kevin Mitnick was arrested and convicted in 1995. Even before that, there were reported crimes related to computers and networks. The requirement for networks and networked computers to be s ecured was further enhanced after the Internet was made publically available in the 1990s. And gradually, in order to protect against loss of intellectual property, monetary loss, loss of sensitive customer data, invasions into personal privacy, disruptions to the working networks of large multinational firms and banks etc, further ways to secure the networks are being implemented. There are various ways in which the security of a network can be breached. In broader terms, the attacks can be categorized in two forms first one is a passive attack in which the hacker disturbs the travelling of data using the same network and in active attack the hacker uses different commands to change the network’s normal working. Both these attacks can have various forms. Some examples are Wiretapping, Idle scan, Port scanning, a Denial of Service attack, spoofing, ARP poisoning, smurf attack, heap overflow and SQL injection. Further to that, other forms of attacks such as Trojan Horses, Viru ses, Worms or Logic Bombs are also sometimes used. Ways to Secure Networks Securing a network depends on the type of network structure in place and the level of security which needs to be implemented.